Cracks in the concrete Part 4 Calendar cracks

Cracks in the concrete Part 4 Calendar cracks

Include the process of evaluating cracks on the location, extent and causes of occurrence and the extent of the need for restoration may have the engineer, who performs such an operation to re-examine the plans and study note calculations and recalculations, review the specifications and matching it with the whole what has been implemented and identify any conflict or discrepancy, and then give an opinion on the restoration or reform or the appropriate solutions.The process of evaluating cracks according to a systematic and clear by the following steps:1 - visual inspection:Used scheme of status quo of the building contains a network of hubs on the basis of which it was designed to identify the various sites and the patient carefully and take notes and then following it:- Places of cracks and their dimensions.- Sites where the edges of the cracked concrete.- Where the apparent armaments and rust stains, if any.- The erosion of concrete.- No other damage apparent in the surface of the concrete, such as nesting and preferably be attached to these observations with photographs showing the status of origin and the form of cracks and help in the discussion and case study with a number of experts in various disciplines.2 - automated check:Roads can be on the surface with a hammer to detect cracks near the surface in terms of drumming, which indicates the existence of weaknesses or cracks under the surface.You can also use a small microscope equipped with a gradient on the external lens to measure the width of the cracks.You can also use ultrasonic devices, which gives a value written to the time of transit of waves and thus indicate the presence of cracks or cavities.There are X-ray machines and gamma rays to explore the levels of cracking parallel to the direction of the rays.There are devices to locate reinforcing, depth and measuring the penis.3 - Laboratory Testing:- Non-destructive testing of Bethune.- Destructive tests.And is one of the most important work taking carrots (hearts) the concrete is extracted from selected locations in origin, so as to indicate the quality of concrete by pressure testing and testing of chemical reactions or any harmful substances.4 - Review Plans:Should review the structural design and reinforcement of operational plans in order to know the whereabouts of vulnerability or phases that can appear and then cracks can audit to make sure that the reinforcing enough to withstand the ordeal of origin from the overhead.5 - to judge the cracks:Difficult to put a border around the display cracks accepted, so the global codes and put some limits to be taken into account in the design of concrete structures:- Zip British: accept a limit of up to 0.2 mm.- U.S. Code: accepts up to 0.41 mm cracks in the interior, and 0.33 in the outer parts.- Zip Syrian: 0.3 mm.Ways to repair cracks:Is selected on the calendar reform, the exact reasons for and extent of cracks and the appropriate method is chosen depending on what we want to achieve the following goals:1 - to restore or increase the resistance.2 - to restore or increase hardness.3 - Improving the functionality of the building.4 - Providing the concrete property of non-permeability to water.5 - Improve the external appearance of the surface of the concrete.6 - improving the durability of concrete.7 - to prevent the arrival of materials that will help the erosion of concrete or steel rebar.Reform steps and treatment:1 - a proper diagnosis.2 - Determining the feasibility of calendar reform, treatment or not.3 - Draw up action plan and identify priorities for action.4 - select and determine the method of reform.5 - Preparation of structural member of the reform.6 - proper implementation of the method of reform must take into account the following:A - the need to remove the root causes that led to the emergence of defects or deterioration.B - the need to prepare the user to fix it well prepared to receive the fix.C - the need to choose the right way to reform, as well as the materials used in the fix.D - the need for good application accompanied by reform of the way to address the region or Member Almstsaleh long enough